孫中山（1866年11月12日－1925年3月12日，名文，幼名帝象，譜名德明，字載之，號逸仙、日新。流亡日本時，曾化名中山樵，故通稱孫中山。生於大清帝國廣東省廣州府香山縣翠亨村，祖籍廣東省東莞。清末民初醫師、政治家、革命家、哲學家，是中華民國奠基人，亦是中國國民黨之創黨人。1905年，在日本東京組成中國同盟會，被推為總理；確定「驅除韃虜，恢復中華，建立民國，平均地權」政綱，提出三民主義學說。在日本東京由黑龍會領袖內田良平的號召下與華興會以及光復會等組織籌備成立中國同盟會，後於東京黑龍會總部組成中國同盟會，孫中山主張使用狀似日本軍旗「旭日旗」的「青天白日旗」，反對使用黃興所提出的井字旗作為革命旗幟，並在黑龍會等組織的支持下被推為總理。1911年12月29日，被十七省代表在南京推選為中華民國臨時大總統，1912年1月1日在南京宣布就職，建立中華民國臨時政府。1919年，將中華革命黨改組為中國國民黨。1940年4月，國民政府明令尊稱孫中山先生為中華民國國父。中國共產黨尊其為「中國近代民主革命的偉大先行者」
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was the founding father of the Republic of China. The first provisional president of the Republic of China, Sun was a Chinese physician, writer, philosopher, Georgist, calligrapher and revolutionary. As the foremost pioneer and first leader of a Republican China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC) and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty (the last imperial dynasty of China) during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party of China), serving as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait. ------(Wikipedia)
The Political Philosophy of Dr Sun Yat-sen
Three Principles of the People, also called Three Great Principles, Chinese (Pinyin) Sanmin Zhuyi or (Wade-Giles romanization) San-min Chu-i, the ideological basis of the political program of the Chinese Nationalist leader Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), championing the principles of nationalism, democracy, and socialism.
The principles were originally formulated as slogans for Sun’s revolutionary student group, the United League, one of the chief forces behind the 1911 Republican Revolution, which ended the Qing dynastyrule of China. After the failure of this revolution to establish democracy in China, Sun formed a new party, the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang), utilizing his principles as fundamental doctrine. In 1922 the Nationalists formed an alliance with the Chinese Communist Party. Beginning the following winter, Sun, in response to communist demands for a more formal party ideology, gave a series of lectures in which he sharpened and defined his three principles.
The first principle, minzu zhuyi, or “nationalism,” earlier had meant opposition to the Qing (Manchu) dynasty and to foreign imperialism; now Sun explained the phrase as denoting self-determination for the Chinese people as a whole and also for the minority groups within China.
The second principle, minquan, or the “rights of the people,” sometimes translated as “democracy,” could be achieved, Sun explained, by allowing the Chinese people to control their own government through such devices as election, initiative, referendum, and recall.
The last principle was minsheng, or “people’s livelihood,” which is often translated as “socialism.” This was the most vague of the three principles, but by it Sun seemed to have in mind the idea of equalization of land ownership through a just system of taxation.
After the Nationalist-communist split in 1927, both Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) claimed to be carrying on the true spirit of the Three Principles of the People.
---https://www.britannica.com/event/Three-Principles-of-the-People
孫中山思想
孫中山思想大部分是他將中國道統和西洋歐美各家學說綜合整理而來，但部分見解是其所獨創。
孫中山：「中國有一個道統，堯、舜、禹、湯、文、武、周公、孔子相繼不絕，我的思想基礎，就是這個道統，我的革命，就是繼承這個正統思想，來發揚光大！」
「人民有權，政府有能」的「權能區分」；廣興福利，大有為式的「萬能政府」。
政府之能又稱為治權，立法、行政、司法、考試、監察五權分立，是為「五權憲法」。
人民行使政權的基本訓練與條件：民權初步，即議事規則。中央與地方的「均權制度」，以縣為單位的「地方自治」。
在經濟思想方面，提倡社會互助理論，曾說「人類進化之原則與物種進化之原則不同，物種以競爭為原則，人類則以互助為原則。」似是受到達爾文進化論與俄國克魯泡特金的無政府主義思想的影響。
政治現代化建設方面，主張漸進主義的軍政、訓政、憲政三階段說。軍政時期優先消滅軍閥土匪，應實行軍管。訓政時期優先基礎建設與民權初步訓練，應實行一黨執政。憲政實行之條件是全國半數以上縣市具有選舉罷免地方首長之條件，公民具有發動創制複決之條件，則選舉召開國民大會制訂憲法，還政於民，實行多黨競爭的現代政治制度。
甲午戰爭以前，孫之政治主張類似洋務派，提出「人盡其才，地盡其力，物盡其用，貨暢其流」之革新。失敗後，認識到扶清抗洋行不通。只有改革制度，才能成功救中國，於是走上革命道路。
以王道為基礎的區域合作和政治架構：大亞洲主義，以及向國際投資開放的實業計畫。
人生哲學：「不做大官，要做大事。」
在哲學上，提出「知難行易」說，批判「知之非艱，行之惟艱」的保守思想。
天下為公。
------摘自“維基百科”
余致力國民革命，凡四十年，其目的在求這個之自由平等。積四十年之經驗，深知欲達到此目的，必須喚起民眾及聯合世界上以平等待我之民族，共同奮鬥。
現在革命尚未成功，凡我同志，務須依照余所著《建國方略》，《建國大綱》，《三民主義》及《第一次全國代表大會宣言》，繼續努力，以求貫徹。最近主張開國民會議及廢除不平等條約，尤須於最短時間，促其實現，是所至囑。
孫中山遺囑 中華民國十四年二月廿四日